What is Rothbarts Foot?
Rothbarts Foot is an abnormal embryological foot structure. It is the result of the incomplete ontogenetic torsional development of the neck and head of the talus (the bone that sits on top of the heel bone) that occurs approximately between the eighth and ninth week post ovulation.
The result of this incomplete development of the talus is that when the rear foot is placed in its anatomically neutral (correct) position, the big toe and its adjoining metatarsal are elevated off the ground (See photo below).
Rothbarts Foot. The white arrow points to the supinatus (elevated and inverted) of the hallux and first metatarsal when the foot is placed into its anatomical neutral position (subtalar joint congruity).
Functionally, the Rothbarts Foot is an unstable foot structure. If one has a Rothbarts Foot, functionally, as the body’s weight is shifted from the rearfoot to the forefoot, gravity forces the supinatus (elevated and inverted) hallux and 1st metatarsal to roll inward, forward and downward until they rest on the ground.
This twisting motion of the foot is referred to as abnormal pronation. Abnormal pronation results in postural distortions, which lead to chronic musculoskeletal pain.
For a more in depth explanation of the Rothbarts Foot, read my book Forever Free From Chronic Pain .
To access information on objective signs for Rothbarts Foot, go to Determining the Presence of Rothbarts Foot
Professor/Dr. Brian A. Rothbart
Chronic Pain Elimination Specialist
Discovered the Rothbarts Foot and PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity
Developer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Designer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Insoles
Founder of International Academy of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Author of Forever Free From Chronic Pain
Sign Up Now to get your free chapter from Professor Rothbart's book, Forever Free From Chronic Pain.
The Evolution of Foot Biomechanics
Defining Excessive Foot Pronation - Hyperpronation
- Wet the bottom of your feet and walk on compacted sand or pavement
- Look at the footprints
Chronic Pain Elimination Specialist
Discovered the Rothbarts Foot Structure and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity
Developer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Inventor and Designer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Insoles
Founder of International Academy of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Author of Forever Free From Chronic Pain
Why Your Hips Need to be Replaced
Physiologically and anatomically, hip joints are constructed to last 100 or more years. But many people must have their hips replaced because their own hips have become arthritic and painful and often, these artificial joints need to be replaced every 10 to 15 years.
A commonly used hip joint prosthesis (implant)
Unfortunately, the underlying cause that is producing the degenerative changes in the hip is also affecting all the other weight-bearing joints in the body. Even if you have a hip replacement surgery to eliminate the pain in your hips, frequently the degenerative joint changes start becoming apparent in other parts of the body, such as your knees. When this happens, the surgeon often advises the patient to have a knee replacement surgery. This brings to mind the woodman in ‘The Wizard of Oz’, who - piece by piece - had his body parts replaced with tin.
Does it make sense to replace joint by joint (as they become painful)? Or does it make more sense to find the real cause of the degenerative changes in the joints and effectively treat it, thus preventing the need for joint replacement surgery?
What is the cause of joint degeneration? One explanation is that as we get older, the hip joints become worn with use and therefore it’s not surprising that they need to be replaced and re-replaced. But if this is true; why doesn’t every octogenarian require hip replacement surgery?
What is the real reason that hips need to be replaced?
Bad posture results in mal-alignment of the weight-bearing joints (and specifically the hip joint). The mal-alignment of the hip joint produces changes in the hip similar to a car alignment problem that produces changes in the tires. That is, both the hip and the tires wear unevenly and eventually require replacement.
Just as your tires will last much longer and wear more evenly if you are diligent about maintaining a good alignment in the suspension of the car, your hip joints will remain healthy, mobile and pain free if you maintain a good posture.
Some people naturally maintain a good posture, but others do not. A common reason for bad posture is being born with an inherited foot structure that produces postural distortions. Many people have one of the two abnormal foot structures (that I have discovered). They are known as the Rothbarts Foot and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity.
These common foot structures are successfully treated by Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy, an innovative treatment that permanently corrects the postural distortions resulting from these two abnormal foot structures.
When the postural distortions are corrected, the alignment of the postural joints (including the hips) is dramatically improved. By improving the hip alignment, the hip joint does not wear out as quickly (or not at all) thus negating the need for hip replacement surgery.
As you learn more about my innovative therapy, you may find that addressing and effectively treating your foot structure may be the missing link to ending your long time battle with unrelenting muscle and joint pain.
If you would like to make an appointment with me to see if I can help you to permanently eliminate your hip pain, go to: Schedule a Consultation
Professor/Dr. Brian A. Rothbart
Chronic Pain Elimination Specialist
Discovered the Rothbarts Foot Structure and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity
Developer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Inventor and Designer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Insoles
Founder of International Academy of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Author of Forever Free From Chronic Pain
About Bunions
A bunion is a swelling of tissue and/or an enlargement of bone around the joint at the base of the big toe (1st metatarsophalangeal articulation). The big toe may turn towards the second toe (displacement), and the tissues surrounding the joint may be swollen and tender (See Animation below). Today, the term bunion is usually used to refer to the abnormal (pathological) bump on the inside of the big toe joint. The bump is the swollen bursal sac and/or an osseous (bony) deformity that has grown on the inside of the big toe joint.
The term ‘hallux valgus’ or hallux abducto valgus’ are the most commonly used medical terms to describe the bunion deformity, where ‘hallux’ refers to the big toe, ‘valgus’ refers to the abnormal rotation of the big toe, and ‘abducto’ refers to the abnormal drifting or leaning of the big toe towards the second toe.
The symptoms associated with a bunion deformity include swelling of the bunion joint, irritation and redness of the skin surrounding the bunion joint, joint pain, and a possible shift of the big toe toward the other toes.
In most cases, two factors must be present before a bunion deformity can develop: (1) foot twist, and (2) out toeing (abducted) foot position. The interplay between these two factors and the development of a bunion deformity are discussed below.
Foot twist (technically referred to as pronation), when excessive, disrupts the structural stability of the entire foot (Zitzlesperger, Elftman). In essence, foot twist allows the big toe to float towards the second toe. Typically this only happens if the foot is excessively abducted (pointing outwards).
This outward pointing of the foot, in the presence of foot twist, can dramatically distort the structure of the 1st metatarsophalangeal articulation. That is, the metatarsal bone shifts inward and the hallux (big toe) shifts outward (e.g., the classic bunion deformity). Wearing tight shoes with pointed toes can rapidly accelerate these shifts in the metatarsal and hallux.
Bunions are frequently treated in a variety of ways including changes in shoe gear, padding and shielding the bunion joint, rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, steroid injections and surgery . However, all of these therapies only treat the symptoms of the bunion (pain or joint misalignment) and not the cause. In order to effectively treat the bunion and eliminate the pain, the cause of the excessive foot twist must be addressed.
The two most common causes of foot twist are the Rothbarts Foot and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity. The only effective therapy to eliminate foot twist resulting from either of these foot structures is termed Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy .
Professor/Dr. Brian A. Rothbart
Chronic Pain Elimination Specialist
Discovered the Rothbarts Foot Structure and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity
Developer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Inventor and Designer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Insoles
Founder of International Academy of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Author of Forever Free From Chronic Pain
References:
Zitzlesperger S 1960. The mechanics of the foot based on the concept of the skeleton as a statically indetermined space framework. Clinical Orthopedics (American) 16:47-63
Elftman H 1960. The transverse tarsal joint and its control. Clinical Orthopedics (American) 16:41.
Your Foot Pain Can Increase After Foot Surgery
Surgical intervention on the feet is frequently done for bunions, heel spurs, hammertoes and post tibial nerve entrapments. In some cases the surgery is very successful in correcting the subjective complaint and eliminating the foot pain. However, if you have one of two inherited, abnormal foot structures (the Rothbarts Foot or the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity); the surgical intervention can actually end in failure and exacerbate the pain.
Let’s look at two surgical interventions - for nerve entrapments and bunions - and see why surgery for these problems is not a solution.
Let’s start with some information about the Rothbarts Foot and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity:
If you were born with the Rothbarts Foot or the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity, your bunion or nerve entrapment is frequently a symptom of these foot structures. That is, having one of these abnormal foot structures can result in the formation of a bunion or a nerve entrapment. This is why:
Post Tibial Nerve Entrapment: Both the Rothbarts Foot and PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity force the foot to excessively pronate (twist) during stance phase of gait (walking). This foot twist can compress the post tibial nerve between the surrounding connective tissue and the medial malleolus (inner ankle bone). This nerve entrapment can produce a sharp, lancinating and debilitating pain.
Surgery for Nerve Entrapments: Frequently this nerve entrapment is surgically treated by releasing (cutting) the soft connective tissue around the entrapped post tibial nerve in an attempt to reduce the compression on the nerve. However, cutting this soft connective tissue can result in scarring and hardening of this tissue. If this occurs, the post tibial nerve is now being pushed up against the inner ankle bone by hard connective tissue instead of soft connective tissue. This results in more pain.
The solution: In order to eliminate the pain produced by an entrapment of the post tibial nerve you must eliminate the cause, and not merely treat the symptom of the entrapment (your pain). And that cause is the foot twist being generated by either the Rothbarts Foot or the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity.
Eliminating this foot twist is accomplished by Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy, a non invasive treatment that naturally decompresses the nerve. As a result, the nerve is eliminated.
Bunions: Both the Rothbarts Foot and PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity force the foot to excessively pronate (twist) during stance phase of gait (walking). This foot twist destabilizes the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint, which can distort this joint’s alignment. The distortion of this joint's alignment is referred to as a bunion.
Surgery for Bunions: Frequently the alignment of the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint is surgically corrected by remodeling the joint. However, the foot twist resulting from either the Rothbarts Foot or the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity continues. The surgically corrected bunion is weaker than the joint was before surgery. The result is that the continuing foot twist can reproduce the bunion within several years. You now have a weaker foot, more prone to be destabilized by the foot twist.
The solution: In order to eliminate the pain produced by bunions you must treat the cause, and not merely treat the symptom of the bunions (your pain).
If you have a Rothbarts Foot or PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity, you must eliminate the foot twist caused by these foot structures, as it is this foot twist that is responsible for the formation of the bunion.
Eliminating the foot twist coming from the Rothbarts Foot or PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity is done by Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy. If done early enough, this therapy can stop the bunions from getting larger and more disfiguring, and in some cases can actually diminish the size of the bunion.
As you learn more about my innovative therapy, you may find that addressing and effectively treating your foot structure may be the missing link to ending your long time battle with unrelenting muscle and joint pain.
If you would like to read more information about the Rothbarts Foot and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity, go to: How Chronic Pain Resulting From The Rothbarts Foot And The PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity Can Be Eliminated.
If you would like to make an appointment with me to see if I can help you to permanently eliminate your foot pain, go to: Schedule a Consultation
Professor/Dr. Brian A. Rothbart
Chronic Pain Elimination Specialist
Discovered the Rothbarts Foot Structure and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity
Developer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Inventor and Designer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Insoles
Founder of International Academy of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Author of Forever Free From Chronic Pain
Your Back Pain May be Worse after Having Back Surgery
Are you thinking about undergoing the knife to eliminate your back pain? Before you make such an important decision which will affect the rest of your life, it’s important to read the experiences of other back pain sufferers who have had this invasive surgery.
Below are four posts, taken from the Spine Health Forum, of people whose pain is worse after their back surgery:
Martyjo
- Here I’m again posting. 15 months post L3-S1 fusion with iliac bone graft. I just can't get past the pain and spasms. I thought I'd be walking around and enjoying life. Instead, I have to take pain pills just to do normal daily living tasks.
- I myself am still in considerable pain post operation {18 months now}. My first operation in 1996 was a laminectomy L4/L5. My second operation was in 2007, a bilateral discectomy S1 and redo of L4/L5 laminectomy to release scar tissue from my first back surgery.
- I am three years post anterior double fusion L3-SI. I am in the same boat. I also need medications just to do normal things.
- I went through a fusion on L5-S1 10 months ago and it was my second back surgery. The first time around was a bust since I suffered a recurrent herniation among other problems. These two surgeries were supposed to make me feel a whole lot better and get me on my feet again. It didn't go that way in either case!
Why do back surgeries fail?
The answer lies in first understanding the cause of the back pain. In almost all cases, the herniation (a pathology in the spinal discs) and resulting back pain is caused by an underlying problem. And surprising enough, frequently that underlying problem is the way your feet function when you walk.
A direct link has been documented between back pain and bad posture resulting from foot twist (abnormal foot motion). When the posture is improved by eliminating the foot twist, the back pain quickly dissipates, without the need for surgery.
Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy has been proven to be a very effective therapy that eliminates back pain by reprogramming the cerebellum (brain) to automatically improve posture.
Professor/Dr. Brian A. Rothbart
Chronic Pain Elimination Specialist
Discovered the Rothbarts Foot Structure and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity
Developer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Inventor and Designer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Insoles
Founder of International Academy of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Author of Forever Free From Chronic Pain
Therapies That Only Manage Chronic Pain - Drugs
Pain medication is one of the top 10 treatments traditionally used to treat chronic muscle and joint pain.
This has had some pretty devastating effects for chronic pain sufferers. For example, lately the news has been flooded with untimely celebrity deaths as a result of taking prescriptive pain medication(s). But, this problem does not lie merely with the rich and famous. In fact, taking prescriptive painkillers has become more common than street drug abuse.
The dangers of pain medication have been documented everywhere. Why is it that billions of people still reach for their pill bottle to suppress their pain?
One very good reason is that many pain sufferers have not yet found anything else that actually eliminates their pain and so they just live with pain management. In other words, the cause of their pain has not been found and effectively treated.
Let’s take a closer look at how pain medication works and its side effects. These two factors alone will hopefully convince you that it’s a better idea to find a therapy that actually addresses the source of your pain, thereby eliminating it for good.
What is pain medication?
Pain medication, commonly referred to as painkillers, include over-the-counter medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin and/or acetaminophen, anti-depressant drugs and prescription pain medications such as opioids, morphine and methadone.
How does pain medication work?
Non-prescriptive pain medication such as NSAIDs (Ibuprofen®, Motrin®, aspirin (Bayer® and acetaminophen (Advil®, Tylenol® inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances which increase sensitivity to pain.
Prescription anti-depressants such as the tricyclic drugs (Elavil®, Prozac®, Zoloft®, etc.) increase the level of serotonin (a neurotransmitter), which suppresses the pain circuit to the brain.
Opioids (codeine, Alfenta®, Subutex®, Stadol®, etc.) are chemical substances that have a morphine-like action in the body.
* Please note that all of the above suppress pain in one way or another. But none of the above addresses the reason why you have pain in the first place. It stands to reason, that if the drug doesn’t address and effectively treat the cause, you will have to continue to take it for the rest of your life – pain management.
What are the side effects?
Painkillers must be taken continuously to be effective and have many documented side effects. The side effects of non-prescription pain medications includes: ringing in the ears, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn and unexplained weight gain. They can increase bleeding after an injury and cause ulcerations in the stomach. They reduce blood flow to the kidneys and can impair or cause acute kidney failure. Heart attacks, high blood pressure and heart failure have also been associated with the use of these non-prescription drugs.
The side effects of prescription anti-depressants include: liver dysfunction (jaundice), confusion, muscle rigidity and heart and kidney failure leading to death.
The well-known side effects of chronic opioid therapy include dependence or addiction, aberrant drug behaviors and respiratory depression (which can lead to death). It is important to note that over one million Americans are currently addicted to opioids.
To make matters worse, additional drugs are often prescribed to handle the side effects of the above medications. It is not uncommon for patients to take 10 to 15 different drugs a day for this very reason. The cumulative effect of taking so many drugs over a period of time is unknown.
When looking at the facts, it’s pretty obvious why painkillers are not the preferable way to treat your muscle and joint pain. Yes, they suppress your pain as long as you take them, but because they don’t treat the source of your chronic pain problem, they must be taken continually for the rest of your life. Besides being a very expensive habit, you could easily become another victim of (legal) drug addiction.
To find out the potential source of your chronic pain, go to the Rothbarts Questionnaire page.
To read about healthy alternatives to pain medication, go to Non Drug Alternatives for Resolving Chronic Pain.
Professor/Dr. Brian A. Rothbart
Chronic Pain Elimination Specialist
Discovered the Rothbarts Foot Structure and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity
Developer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Inventor and Designer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Insoles
Founder of International Academy of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Author of Forever Free From Chronic Pain
Sign Up Now to get a free chapter from my book, Forever Free From Chronic Pain
Non Drug Alternatives for Resolving Chronic Pain
Millions of people worldwide suffer with chronic muscle and joint pain. After trying countless therapies and even surgery, all to no avail, people often turn to prescription painkillers to eliminate their suffering.
Each year, pharmaceutical companies spend billions in promoting pain medication as a ‘solution’ for managing chronic pain. This propaganda (often based on false or misleading claims) is partly responsible for the multitude of persons using pain medication long-term in order to manage their pain.
Unfortunately, many prescriptive painkillers are addictive and lethal. As a result, the use of prescriptive drugs, such as opioids, has become an epidemic. In fact more people are killed by prescription opioids than all those killed by heroin and cocaine combined.
Many people reach for their pill bottle with little thought or awareness of what it might do to their health. But the side effects of using pain medication over a prolonged period of time cannot be ignored, as they can be worse than the pain itself. Such side effects include liver dysfunction, fueling of existing cancer malignancies and respiratory depression (which can lead to death).
Sometimes we have to take medication as there may be no other way to get short term relief from the agony of chronic muscle and joint pain. But pain medication only interrupts the pain signal to the brain so that the pain is not felt and relief lasts only as long as one continues to take the pain killers. Don’t confuse this temporary relief with healing.
There are natural options to prescription pain medication which will not only reduce or even eliminate pain, but also promote healing throughout the body and enhance your health for the rest of your life. Some of these are:
1. Cleansing your digestive tract
Pain medications cause a toxic digestive tract by suppressing the contraction of the stomach muscles. This causes constipation, and as a result small amounts of toxins and waste begin to accumulate along the lining of your intestines. If the toxins penetrate the lining of the stomach and enter the blood stream, they will circulate throughout the body, deposit into your joints and cause pain. With a good cleansing program you can heal your digestive tract and break up the accumulated toxins.
2. Cleansing your liver
The liver’s job is to remove toxins from the body. Help it do its job by drinking plenty of pure water with fresh lemon juice added, which will flush away pain inducing toxins.
3. Eating ‘live’ foods
Reducing your intake of meat and animal products and eating a plant-based, ‘living’ foods diet will help eliminate toxins in your muscles, joints, tissues and nerves.
4. Getting enough sleep
While you sleep, the body carries on important functions to restore and maintain wellness. Your body simply cannot get well if it is deprived of sleep, due to pain.
There are many non-drug solutions that promote a good night’s sleep, thereby giving pain relief. A few of them are:
- Eating your largest meal early in the day and your lightest meal early in the evening.
- Using sleep inducing, pure therapeutic grade essential oils in the bath, dabbed on the body or massaged into the feet before bedtime.
- Closing your eyes and ‘feeling’ a pleasant experience, such as walking on the beach and feeling warm sand under your feet and the sun on your head. This will calm down an overactive mind.
Following the above recommendations, one through four; will help you reduce or get off pain medication and greatly improve your overall health. But in addition, there is another step that is crucial to successfully eliminating your muscle and joint pain, once and for all. You must:
5. Address and effectively treat the source of your pain.
Lately, there has been much written about treating the source of chronic muscle and joint pain and there are numerous therapies that claim to do so. But the truth is; if the source of chronic muscle and joint pain was being addressed and effectively treated, there wouldn’t be so many people worldwide still suffering!
A previously unknown, yet very common source of chronic muscle and joint pain is in the feet.
Many people are born with an abnormal foot structure (that is frequently undiagnosed) that creates bad posture and predisposes them to a lifetime of muscle and joint pain. If you have this foot structure, this source must be addressed and effectively treated in order to permanently eliminate your chronic pain. How to identify this foot structure and the method that I have developed to effectively treat it; is fully explained in my book, Forever Free From Chronic Pain.
My wish for you is that 2010 be a New Year of health and happiness. A good first step toward making this a reality is to make a commitment to reducing pain medication or disposing of it altogether. In its place, use healthful alternatives such as a natural health regimen to clean out and rejuvenate your body. For permanent pain elimination; look for the source of your pain. It may be in your feet.
Professor/Dr. Brian A. Rothbart
Chronic Pain Elimination Specialist
Discovered the Rothbarts Foot Structure and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity
Developer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Inventor and Designer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Insoles
Founder of International Academy of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Author of Forever Free From Chronic Pain
Sign Up Now to get a free chapter from my book, Forever Free From Chronic Pain
Resolution of Chronic Knee Pain
In 1993, a three year study was completed at the Bellevue Foot and Ankle Center in Bellevue, Washington, on 128 patients who suffered with chronic knee pain.
Prior to this study, these patients had been treated with various therapies including physical therapy, osteopathic and/or chiropractic manipulation, anti-inflammatory medications and in some cases, surgery. All of these patients were to some degree disappointed with the therapies they had received and were committed to permanently eliminating their knee pain.
I ran an initial evaluation, testing and analysis on each patient and found that all 128 patients all had foot twist and bad posture. A therapy (which later evolved into what is now known as Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy) was then initiated to permanently improve their posture.
One year after therapy was completed, the patients completed a questionnaire. The results were:
- 78 patients reported that their chronic knee pain lessened 70% or more
- 14 reported that their knee pain lessened by 50-60%
- 8 reported that their knee pain lessened 10 to 40%
- 25 reported a definite decrease in their knee pain, but percentage of improvement was given
- 1 reported no change in their knee pain
- 2 reported an increase in their knee pain
Objective Outcomes (what I noted):
- Of the 92 patients who reported a decrease in their level of knee pain of 50% or greater, all had a dramatic improvement in their posture.
- Of the 8 patients who reported a decrease in their level of knee pain of 10 – 40%, all had a slight improvement in their posture.
- The 1 patient who reported no lessening in her level of knee pain, no improvement in her posture was noted.
- Of the 2 patients who reported an increase in their level of knee pain, all 2 demonstrated a deterioration in their posture.
Conclusion
A direct correlation was observed between bad posture and chronic knee pain. When the therapy improved the posture, the chronic knee pain diminished. However, when the posture did not improve, or deteriorated, the knee pain either remained the same or increased.
This study suggests that a viable, effective way to eliminate or dramatically reduce chronic knee pain is by permanently improving posture.
Reference:
Rothbart BA, Yerratt M. 1994. An Innovative Mechanical Approach to Treating Chronic Knee Pain: A BioImplosition Model. The Pain Practitioner (formerly American Journal of Pain Management), 4(3): 13-18.
Professor/Dr. Brian A. Rothbart
Chronic Pain Elimination Specialist
Discovered the Rothbarts Foot Structure and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity
Developer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Inventor and Designer of Rothbart Proprioceptive Insoles
Founder of International Academy of Rothbart Proprioceptive Therapy
Author of Forever Free From Chronic Pain
Sign Up Now to get a free chapter from my book, Forever Free From Chronic Pain
